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说起此次的贵州行，本来是去年的旅行计划，但去年8月份，当年和我一起走川藏的哥哥（参见我的帖子《兄弟写行走川藏》https//bbs.8264.com/thread-83145-1-1.html）突然发现罹患癌症，半年后竟不治身亡。 在哥哥最后的日子里，我放弃了计划中的旅行，抛开了工作，一直在医院陪伴左右，亲眼看着原本天性乐观、身体健壮的哥哥受恶疾折磨，一点点失去生活的乐趣和生命的活力，体重从80多公斤在不到半年的时间里就瘦的皮包骨头，最后油尽灯枯，离我们而去，深深感受到在恶疾面前，渺小的人类那种无助和无奈。 送走了哥哥，我更加体会到人生的短暂和脆弱，更应当保重身体，享受生活。正像我的一位朋友在今年中秋给我发的短诗所写：一年转眼又中秋，荏苒光阴似水流。把盏临风思爱友，隔窗对月寄情酬。人生短暂有终点，世事纷繁无尽头。莫让功名空误己，今宵不享待何求？ 哥哥生前，曾一直盼望我能尽快退休，希望我退休后能和他一起继续享受旅行全国的乐趣。可这一愿望，竟然终成遗憾！ 哥哥去世后，我跟嫂子要来了一直伴随哥哥旅行的佳能SD1400相机留作纪念，并承诺带着它继续今后的旅行生活，让相机代替哥哥观看和记录美丽的祖国山河。于是，今年9月，我带着哥哥遗留的相机，开始了筹划两年的贵州之行。 为什么选择去贵州旅行？ 在全国众多的省份中，有几个是我从未涉足，甚至从未路过的省份，贵州就是其中的一个。对这个人们传统观念中天高地远的蛮荒之地，我一直没有太多的关注，也知之甚少。 其实早在2002年我第一次开始自助旅行去凤凰，在租了一辆自行车去阿拉营镇的黄丝桥古城时，知道再前行几里地，就可以进入贵州省，那时就在心里埋下了有朝一日要去这个夜郎国度一探究竟的愿望。 然而，十年中，尽管我每年都要出外旅行，甚至先后去了越南和泰国，而贵州省却一直没有列入我的旅行计划之中，这个美丽的旅游大省也一直没有留下我的足迹。 直到去年，我终于把远行的目瞄向了这里。 为什么要去贵州旅行？一句话两句话说不清楚。在我搜集资料的时候，看到一位贵州朋友写的文章，似乎可以较全面的回答这个问，让朋友们对这个美丽神奇的地方有一个全面的了解，故转发到这里，供大家参考（此篇介绍文章中的插图均来自网络，特此说明）：原文地址：https//blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_70f15b1c01017rpx.html贵州：美丽神奇的公园省，自驾游、户外运动的天堂贵州游侠 贵州有着非常宜人的气候，零度以下及三十度以上的气温很少出现。一月份平均气温摄氏四到九度，七月平均气温也只有摄氏二十三度至二十七度之间，夏无酷暑，冬无严寒。地震、台风、海啸及较大的洪水等自然灾害与贵州无缘。贵州境内植被十分茂盛，一年四季到处都是郁郁葱葱的景色。贵州大小江河、溪流遍布，湖泊水库众多，随处可见青山绿水、奇峰绝壁。风景名胜、文物古迹遍布全省各地。一年四季都适合休闲旅游、探险猎奇。 贵州的大小瀑布成千上万，形态各异，美不胜收。除了气势磅礴响声震天的黄果树瀑布和十丈洞瀑布外，有的纤细绵长飘飘洒洒，有的几个瀑布叠成一串浩浩荡荡，有的多个瀑布排成一排各显风采。有的从悬崖半腰洞中喷涌而出如巨龙下山，令人目瞪口呆。荔波小七孔景区十二公里就有瀑布六十八个，兴义市马岭河峡谷六公里内也有瀑布几十个。中国十大瀑布水帘洞之一的穿洞河瀑布，在其五十多米长的瀑下居然贯穿着一条水帘洞，从古代起就成为道路的一部分。黄果树大瀑布 贵州的溶洞也是成千上万，除了被作家冯牧称为：“黄山归来不看山，织金洞外无洞天。”的织金洞、总长达一百一十公里的双河溶洞外。有一眼望去如一轮明月挂在山间的穿洞，有曲折盘旋绵延几十公里穿州过县的长洞，有洞中有洞、洞上有洞、洞旁有洞、洞洞相连，使整个山变空了的空山洞。有如戟似剑的石膏晶洞，有的水中有洞、有的洞中有水、有潭、有暗河激流，还有许多古人类居住过的山洞。有电影[云雾山中]土匪盘踞的窗子洞。有关押张学良、杨虎城的麒麟洞、阳明洞、玄天洞、有在洞口修筑城墙，在洞中躲避土匪战乱的堡垒洞、有在洞中建有飞机发动机制造厂五层厂房的高大洞穴，有洞中吹出狂风的风洞，惠水的波云洞旁一个小洞会吹出寒冷的风，即使是盛夏你也不敢在此久留。有上万个燕子盘旋其中的燕子洞，蝙蝠居住的蝙蝠洞，。溶洞中景色各异、美丽绝伦。任你打开想像的空间、用尽赞美的词语，也无法形容它的美妙和神奇。织金洞 贵州还有很多天生桥，大方青虚洞天生桥高大宽敞，桥下曾拟作为飞机库和跑道，蒋介石曾在桥洞下宴请过两千多人。黎平天生桥拱型规整圆滑，跨度一百一十九米，桥宽百米，堪称世界之最。瓮安仙桥居于高山之巅远望如天桥一般，有许多天生桥已被作为公路桥使用， 纳雍的九洞天、大方的八洞天更是由多个天生桥组成。湄潭的百面水有二十一个天生桥。黎平高屯天生桥 贵州现存的古代石建筑繁多，现存有数十个结构严谨、造型优美、雕刻精致的石牌坊，有数百个巍峨屹立的古石塔及佛教塔墓。上千个美丽古朴形态各异结构不同的古石拱桥、石墩石梁桥及石桥上有屋、有亭的花桥。有数百个建筑宏伟、规模宏大、雕刻精良的古石墓葬。数百个建在山间险境的军事城堡、营盘，均为巨石建成，有石拱门、房屋、仓库、地道、暗堡工事，最大的营盘面积竟达十平方公里。还有许多石墙石瓦石铺地面的古老的村寨。绥阳的石房子堪称石建筑的精髓，整个建筑全由精石料榫接而成，所有的柱、坊、梁上都有精美的雕刻，甚至连衣柜、水缸、台案等都是由石料精制而成。关岭的无梁殿，面积上百平方米无梁无柱，堪称一绝。石阡元代千工堰、瓮安明代梅花堰、遵义五百年雷水堰，兴义三百年石渡槽，作为几百年前的水利工程还在发挥着它的作用，平坝的天台山五龙寺建在绝壁尖顶，被称为石头建筑的绝唱，令多少古建筑专家为之倾倒。许多上百年的石碉堡还屹立在大小寨堡中。天龙屯堡—天台山伍龙寺 贵州河流大都流淌在幽深的山谷间，有乌江、清水江、南盘江、北盘江、都柳江、赤水河等较大的河流，还有数不清的支流和小溪，河水清澈，河道蜿蜒，落差较大，景色优美，水质极佳，可用于漂流的河流有八百二十条，已开发漂流的河道就有四十多条。还有数不清的阴河暗流，时明时暗，妙趣横生。北盘江大峡谷及北盘江大桥 贵州有着难以数计的古树名木，直径数米、树龄几百年的各种古树分布在全省各地，树龄千年以上的古树也有几十颗，最大的藤类植物的直径竟达半米。被称为植物活化石的桫椤在黔西北成片生长，硕大的古树被当地人民敬为神灵，从而得到精心的保护。站在苍劲挺拔、饱经风霜的古树下，你也会对它产生深深的敬意和发自内心的喜爱。 在横跨在大小河流和溪沟上的上千个古代桥梁中，除了前面提到的石拱桥、石梁桥外还有各种结构的古朴的木制凉桥、板凳桥、充满了古代人民智慧和勤劳勇敢精神的竹索桥、藤索桥、用竹杆连接两岸树木形成的竹杆桥、以伸到对岸的树根为梁的树根桥。以铁链固定在巨石上连接两岸形成的铁索桥。以砖为料的砖拱桥，以石为墩以木为梁的木梁桥，将石料固定排列在水中形成的汀步桥。无一不以其原始、古朴的风貌展现在人们的面前。反映了古代劳动人民的聪明才智。荔波小七孔古桥 古老的建筑在贵州也非常多，有许多规模宏大雕梁画栋的寺庙、庄严肃穆装饰精良的家族祠堂、极具异域风情的清真寺，庄重的书院、豪华的他乡会馆、宽敞富丽中西合璧的豪宅、占地宽广建筑宏大的土司衙署、庄园，精美适用雕刻精致绘画精良的古民居、在施秉一个十分偏远的小山村居然有着几十家高封火墙的豪华徽式建筑。镇远青龙洞古建筑群占地面积达两万二千平方米，单体建筑达二十五幢之多。位于安顺城内的文庙，始建于明洪武初年、占地十一亩，内存一对高大的透雕石龙柱为国内罕见，还有一面巨大的透雕石花墙及两座精雕石牌坊，如此精品在城市中得到完好的保存，堪称奇迹。镇远青龙洞 贵州境内还保存有几十段数公里长的古驿道，这些古驿道均为石板或石块铺筑，经过数百载风雨的洗礼，已经非常光滑洁白，古驿道上有驿站、关隘城楼、烽火台、屯兵堡垒。古桥古树。三国时期关羽之子关索修建的关索古驿道留下了一路的遗迹和多少神奇的传说。巾帼英雄奢香夫人修建的龙场九驿还一段段残留在乌蒙山脉上，一座座古桥为你讲述着一个小女子的博大胸怀。从孔明塘、孔明山、诸葛洞、诸葛峡、孟获屯、双泉寺等三国遗迹中似乎还能感受到历史的硝烟。青岩古镇定广门前古驿道 在贵州各地都有着众多的古代达官贵人、文人墨客留下的摩崖石刻、摩崖造像、岩溶造像、古碑刻、岩画及被称为写字岩的古代文字遗迹。关岭的红岩碑留下了难以破解的千古之谜，反映了贵州丰富的历史文化底蕴。贵州摩崖石刻 贵州古代各民族的墓葬也非常奇特：苗族的洞葬是把棺木集中存放在两面通风的岩洞中，水族是将遗体放入用精制石板做成的三层棺木的下层，而将其日常用品及粮食放入上面两层，以供主人“享用”，并在石板外面刻上花卉及主人生平经历的图案及文字。还有一种崖墓是在垂直的岩壁中间开凿出墓室将棺木放入，然后安装石门。满族墓葬则是将土坟用料石封包，在料石表面雕刻精美的图案及文字，并修筑高大的墓碑及宽敞的拜台。近年又发现花溪一个岩洞里有用一段整木料凿成的棺木，彝族的向天坟被称为中国西南的金字塔。夜郎王的坟墓则像一个卫星接收天线。贵州古墓 许多曾经走出家乡的贵州名人的墓葬也保存完好，如贵阳的李端棻，曾任清朝礼部尚书，是北京大学的首倡者和戊戌变法的幕后领导人。黔西的李士杰，廉洁勤奋，官至兵部尚书。思南的田仰为明清两朝兵部尚书。思南的郭石渠，任清朝监察御史，勤政廉洁、关心农民疾苦，力遏吏治弊端。曾任山东巡抚、四川总督的织金人丁宝桢重视海疆的巩固和枪械的制造，关切黄河的治理、打击贪官污吏、关心民众的疾苦。凯里的孙应鳌曾任多种要职，被提任工部尚书而谢绝。在家乡著书人。都匀人扶纲曾任明朝最后一任礼部尚书、兵部尚书，忠君爱国，将被吴三桂杀害的永历皇帝遗躯迎回，安葬在自己的家乡。黎平何腾蛟曾任相当于现国防部副部长的兵部右侍郎，明朝灭亡后宁死不屈，自缢身亡。遵义的黎庶昌从光绪二年起就先后担任清政府驻英国、法国、德国、印度使馆参赞，并两度担任驻日使馆钦差大臣。普定人任可澄曾任云南、贵州省长及北洋政府教育总长。花溪人刘清曾任山西巡抚，曾千里迢迢将油茶树苗带回家乡，开发家乡的油茶生产。息烽的明代贵州都指挥使李孟明曾将鞭打奢香夫人的马哗捕押进京。凯里的石邦宪曾任明代贵州、湖广总兵。这些贵州人民的优秀代表永远受到家乡人民和全国人民的尊重和敬仰。他们的陵墓也是记载历史的一页。贵州古墓 由于喀斯特地貌的影响。贵州有着非常多的奇妙的泉井，有的像串串葡萄从井底升起，有的似颗颗珍珠浮出水面，有的如有人控制般一日三潮、一天五涌，还有的一有响声就马上涌出。施秉的双井相隔百米一黑一白。修文的三潮水迎接过无数的名人轶士。荔波的永济泉井低于地面十米，取水要从精美的拱券下沿阶梯进入。丹寨的打鼓井每隔几分钟就会涌出水流，并发出轰隆隆的响声。许多泉井的水下长满了各种颜色的水草，终年青翠诱人。遍布在全省各地的温泉，含有多种矿物成分，非常适合人体需要。 贵州还保存着非常多的古城墙和古城门，贵阳青岩古镇、锦屏隆里古城、黄平旧州古城等保存完好，它们以虽然苍老但依然坚固的身躯，屹立在贵州城乡的大地上。隆里古城 贵州也有十几处美丽的石林，如兴义泥凼石林、修文的回水石林、福泉仙桥石林、瓮安草塘石林、德江石林、思南石林、习水岩寨石林、凤岗天桥石林、赫章韭菜坪石林。还有非常多的奇妙的石柱、石龙、最神奇的贵阳鬼架桥以其纤细规整而实在令人难以相信为大自然所造。梵净山的蘑菇石、玉屏的万卷书崖、织金的三叠石、独山的翻天印、拗拗石；三都的晴雨石、猫石；下蛋岩，仁怀的石球、石头开花；贵阳的船石、老奶石、高坡飞来石；赫章的倚稳石、福泉高石头、平塘卡腊石笋、甲青奇石滩；惠水望郎回、大方石舟、印江的大圣墩、三穗的耗子岩、都匀幻影石、玉玺峰、五色擎天柱；长顺的白水牛、剑河的夫妻岩、丹寨的石龙、湄江的宝石坛、贞丰的双乳峰等等，不枚盛举，无不令人啧啧称奇。梵净山蘑菇岩 贵州保留着许多近代省内外历史名人的故居：兴义国民党军政部长何应钦故居、贵州护国运动的领导人、民国交通部长王伯群故居；贵州督军、省长刘显世故居；安龙五省联军总司令袁祖铭故居；赤水、桐梓贵州省长周西成故居；桐梓贵州省长王家烈故居，黔军副军长蒋在珍故居；赤水黔军副军长候之担公馆；贵阳王伯群故居、贵州省长毛光翔、王家烈故居；安顺中共中央秘书长王若飞故居，国民党宪兵之父、贵州省主席谷正伦故居；荔波中共一大代表邓恩铭故居；铜仁红二军团主要创始人周逸群故居；天柱武昌起义前些督战指挥官王天培故居；贞丰被称为：民国十八年、贵州十八子、省长十八天的短命省长李晓炎旧居；镇远革命先驱周达文故居；花溪清朝状元、康熙字典编纂者周渔璜故居等，豪华气派的旧居，留下了历史的瞬间。王若飞故居陈列馆 作为日军侵略中国的最后一个省，贵州也有许多抗日遗迹：在进入贵州的黎明关古隘，日军三千多人受到国军一千五百余人的顽强阻击，三天三夜日军死伤二百多人。古隘古道和日军焚尸处犹存，在荔波的永康穿洞日军又受到抗日军民的抵抗，日军死亡二百多人。从黎明关到县城不到四十公里的路程日军受到军民多次阻击，九天后才进入县城。另一路日军在来到三都九仟的石板寨时天已经黑了，日军见高高的寨墙如城墙般高大，未敢贸然进入，在墙下烧火取暖，被抗日民众打死打伤多人。独山的深河桥是日军进入中国的最后一桥，和引发中国全面抗战的第一桥卢沟桥一样，被记入中国抗日战争的史册。关押日军战俘的镇远和平村向世界讲述着文明礼仪之邦的待人之道。镇远和平村 许多名人在贵州留下遗迹：明代大思想家王阳明在修文阳明洞悟道三年，受到全球文人的尊崇。明代大旅行家徐霞客游览贵州，写下了中国旅游、地理、民族、历史的巨作：【徐霞客游记{黔游日记}】。清代旅行家陈鼎遍游贵州，写下了【黔游记】，记载了“五百里观音洞”等多处景点。黄果树景区的徐霞客塑像 明清武将吴三桂在贵州多次征战，留下了众多的古战场遗迹和传奇故事。明朝的第二个皇帝朱允炆在靖难之役后，传说来到云贵，在贵州许多地方如息烽的西望山盟誓碑，长顺的白云山，贵阳的茶饭寨、太子桥，清镇的灵永寺、云峰山，威宁的龙隐洞，平坝的高峰山寺，赫章的倚稳等地都留下了许多传说和遗迹。主张抗日的国民党高级将领张学良、杨虎成被关押在贵州贵阳、开阳、修文、息烽、桐梓等多个地方，都留下了深深的印记。南明永历皇帝在安龙称帝，留下了王子坟、十八先生墓等遗迹。清朝重臣张之洞及其父兴义知府张锳在贵州多年也留下了很多令人追忆的遗迹。明朝最后一个皇帝永历的皇宫（安龙县城） 贵州有十余个世居民族，有着丰富多彩的文化艺术和奇特神秘的生活习俗，在黔东南苗寨中至今还保存着二百多座花桥鼓楼，黎平县现有三百七十五座侗族鼓楼。苗族歌舞、侗族大歌、布依族座唱令人如痴如醉，各式各样的民居令人大开眼界，雷山西江千户苗寨，浩浩翰翰、层层叠叠，耸立于一面缓坡上。岜沙苗寨以配枪村民和镰刀剃头吸引了多少游人的目光。黎平肇兴侗寨挺立着四座鼓楼和四座风雨桥。贵州少数民族的服饰种类繁多美丽鲜艳，每套服饰都有一个美丽神奇的传说。每年一千多个丰富多彩的民族节日更是引人入胜。侗寨的花桥和鼓楼 贵州还有一些似洞非洞的崖洞，大自然在悬崖峭壁上开凿出一条条凹槽，贵阳下坝的岩底苗寨有一条几公里长的崖下通道、黄平浪洞岩数百米崖道在峭壁上盘旋，黄平飞云崖。被王阳明誉为：天下之山集于云贵，云贵之秀萃于斯崖。 贵州的山有拔地而起的险峰绝顶、有奇形怪状的山巅石峰、有美丽鲜艳的丹霞赤壁、有洁静如洗的白岩，施秉与石阡交界的佛顶山海拔高度一千八百七十米，其南坡长满一人多高的茅草，阳光普照炎热如夏，而北坡则古树茂密藤萝交缠、皑皑白雪寒冷似冬。贵州最高峰韭菜坪海拔二千九百米，山巅绿草茵茵、一片片碗口大的紫色韭菜花迎风怒放、一堆堆洁白的石林傲然挺立。兴义万峰林群峰耸立，被旅行家徐霞客誉为：天下山峰何其多，唯有此处峰成林，杭州中国名胜专家刘延捷的词是：桂林山水甲天下，兴义峰林甲桂林。铜仁梵净山、施秉云台山、雷山雷公山、贵阳黔灵山、息烽西望山等无不以其雄奇险峻、古木苍翠及古老的宗教遗迹令人迷恋。荔波茂兰原始森林，是地球同一纬度仅存的绿洲，木本、草本植物十分丰富，山中溶洞、奇泉散布，古道沧桑、古木藤蔓纠葛、一颗颗独立生长的树木和草地构成了一幅典型的非洲风光。毕节地区的百里杜鹃林各种颜色、各种花形的古老杜鹃花在绵延百里的山坡上怒放。黔北竹海浩瀚、桫椤茂盛。赤水丹霞奇观兴义万峰林 贵州红色旅游资源也十分丰富，除了举世闻名的遵义会议系列景点外，四渡赤水、娄山关、江界河渡口，黎平会议、猴场会议、梯子岩战斗、川滇黔省革命委员会等遗址。息烽集中营、荔波红二军会师遗址。印江木黄红二、六军会师地等都得以完好的保存。黎平会议纪念馆 贵州的水塘、湖泊、水库非常多，景色也都十分迷人，有海拔两千多米的威宁草海、都匀斗蓬山天池、习水天池、榕江变色塘、安顺龙宫旋塘、剑河呈放射状水纹的雷打塘等，众多水电站形成的千岛湖悠长蜿蜒，风光迤逦，红枫湖、百花湖以其面积大、岛屿多、水光山色迷人著称。众多的湖泊不仅可以进行各种水上运动，湖畔还是你、垂钓、露营、篝火晚会、烧烤的极好场所。百花湖景色 贵州有许多大小天坑，息烽的圆通山天坑疑为陨石冲击所至，罗甸的董当天坑、惠水的毛家苑天坑、务川天坑、平塘的塘边天坑、清镇的暗流河天坑、习水的小桥天坑等均为喀斯特地貌。 贵州还有很多高山草原，如龙里草原、贵定草原、威宁草原、赫章草原、六枝夜郎草原等，在千山万壑的云贵高原，一片片大草原神奇地展现出风吹草低见牛羊的内蒙景色，令人称奇。 贵州有许多高差极大、幽深狭长的大峡谷，狭窄的一线天、猴跳岩奇特神秘，雄奇的石峰石柱、古老的植物构成茂密的植被贯穿峡谷，泉水遍布，非常适合徒步穿越和露营。随处可见的悬崖绝壁，是攀岩的极好场地， 贵州许多处于原始状态的高山密林、峡谷溪流以及神秘的洞穴，都非常适合进行登山探险、探洞溯溪等户外运动。马岭河大峡谷 许多近现代的矿洞遗址也值得一游，如万山、修文的汞矿，水城的铅锌矿，晴隆的石膏矿等。 贵州一些现代建筑也值得驻足一看,如随处可见的大小不同、结构各异、姿态万千的公路桥梁组成了中国桥梁的博物馆。而各式各样的大小水电站则是中国水电工程的博物馆。桐梓建于四十年代的天门河水电站，已经运行了六十多年未曾大修过。猫跳河短短几十公里的河道中密布八个结构不同的水电站。坝陵河大桥 贵州的各种美食小吃十分丰富，不论你走到哪里，都有令你开胃难忘的美味佳肴。 贵州，三里一景、十里一貌，沿途风光也处处奇妙，如你开着你的越野车游览贵州，景点最少的县也够你玩满一天，而景点较多的县你三天也玩不全。而且如上所介绍的景点绝大部分都没有开发，不但不收门票，还是你们独自游玩的：“私家花园” 贵州：美丽神奇的公园省，自驾游、户外运动的天堂。来吧朋友，你会迷上它、爱上它的。 看了贵州侠客的这篇帖子，我对即将开始的贵州之行充满了期待。 按计划，我在出发前20天上网定火车票。本来原来的计划是从沈阳到重庆，经重庆去遵义，在遵义开始我的贵州之旅。可沈阳去重庆的火车是从哈尔滨发车，网上不出售沈阳出发的卧铺票，这让人很无奈。后来查到有一列从长春出发去昆明的火车经湘西过贵州，可以在网上定卧铺票，于是决定改乘这趟车。本来，如果从少走冤枉路起见，第一站应当选在贵州镇远，可这趟车到达镇远的时间不好，是下半夜的1点34分，于是只好继续往前坐，到安顺下车，因为这趟车到达安顺是早上的6点47分，正好开始新的一天。只是这样一来，我的乘车时间将长达56小时，跨越3300公里，无论时间还是距离都创下了我最长的一次单次乘车记录。 9月13日下午下班后，我去大东副食买了些熏鸡、火腿、方便面等食品水果，然后回到家里。 火车10点54分发车，晚上9点30分，我背起背包，走出家门。虽然出门就有公交车，我还是徒步向2.3公里外的沈阳北站走去。我喜欢徒步，尤其在这喧嚣散尽的宁静的都市秋夜，清风和煦，让人心旷神怡。都市漫步，既可以有效把控时间，又可以运动身心，享受生活，何乐不为？ 半个小时后，我已经来到沈阳北站。整修改造了整整两年的沈阳北站终于全面完工，地下通道四通八达，宽敞明亮。出租换乘全部在地下对接。 走出地下通道，安检进站。来到候车室。等车进站。 火车正点进站，上车以后已经11点，关灯睡觉。 D1—D2（0914—0915）：火车上 早上醒来，已经6点多钟，火车还没出山海关。 从沈阳和我一起上车的老爷子，87岁了，身体倍棒，自己上下中铺毫不费力，真令人羡慕。 原来，他是和闺女一起来沈阳探亲，儿子给买的回程票。13日晚上儿子送他们到火车站。到车站，闺女一看手里的票，竟然是14日的。因为着急回去，她连忙到售票处办改，还不错，竟然有票，不过原来的两个下铺变成了一个中铺和一个上铺，而且不在一个车厢。没办法，闺女只好把老头送过来，安顿好，然后回到自己的车厢。 记不清了，好像这个就是那老头的闺女。 乘坐56个小时的火车，对许多人是一种难以忍受的事情，对我则无所谓，在我看来，上了火车，它迟早会把你送到你要去的地方，所以，只管像在家一样，该干嘛干嘛。 虽然这条路已经走过了无数次，可我总是看不够沿路的风景。 正是新兵入伍的时节，很多车站都有新兵等待乘车去部队。这是在天津车站等待上车的新兵。 火车上的人们，消磨时间各有各的方法。年轻姑娘们最时尚的当然是玩手机。 车上的美女和美少妇还真不少。还有顽皮的孩子和慈祥的老人 这几位，分别是辽宁石油学院、中国石油大学和青岛石油学院毕业的大学生，幸运地被中石油聘用，被派到昆明参与前些日子引起很大风波的安宁PX石油项目。在火车上，他们小心地和一位当地的姑娘（下图）论证当地人对石油人的态度，担心群众闹事，生命安全得不到保障。 昆明姑娘说话语速极快，机关枪一样用本地话给他们解答。 火车一路行进，15日晚7点到达湘西张家界。这个地方我2002年来过，那是我第一次开始自助旅行，就是从那以后，我开始了迄今12个年头的自助游经历。 D3（0916）：多云转晴 安顺—云峰（七眼桥）—安顺早上，睡醒以后，发现车停了，透过车窗，原来火车刚刚到达贵阳。7点整，火车晚点几分钟到达安顺。下车出站。 走出火车站，先找旅馆。 出火车站前行不远就是一个小集市，许多老乡前来卖菜。其中最引人瞩目的就是身着奇异装束的屯堡妇女。安顺地区，是600年前明王朝屯垦戍边的屯堡的密集分布区。 从贵州中部一直向西，再向西，就是云南。这是从内地通往这个著名的西南边陲最为便捷的途径。从600年前开拓的古驿道到后世修建的公路、铁路，都沿着这个方向不断延伸。 1902年，日本人类学者鸟居龙藏在贵州考察时，在安平县(今平坝县)郊外，看到几个打扮既有别于当时的汉族，又不同于附近少数民族的妇女，引起鸟居龙藏的好奇。向当地人打听：这是什么民族？一些当地人告诉他，这是“凤头鸡”。 第二年，鸟居龙藏的同事伊东忠太在安平也注意到这个特殊的人群。他问地方官员，官员回答是“凤头苗”。其实，所谓“凤头鸡”、“凤头苗”，就是地道的屯堡人。他们是当年江浙一带正宗汉民的后裔，是当年屯垦戍边的将士的妻女。所谓“凤头”，就是凤阳头，是600多年前明太祖朱元璋的家乡凤阳女人的梳头方式。 如今，600多年过去了，这些屯堡女人的装束依然保持着祖制，鹅黄色的长衣大袖，外围黑色的围腰，腰间系上一条彩色丝带。精致的花边透着江南刺绣的神韵。长发挽起用圆网罩于脑后，并且佩戴着玉簪等首饰。这些明朝皇帝朱元璋老家汉族妇女的正统装束“凤阳汉装”，屯堡女子一穿就是600多年。 据说“文革”初期，有造反派来强迫她们卸去“奇装异服”，可他们一走，女人们照样又汉装穿上身。 与外界长期的误判形成鲜明对照，屯堡人对于自己的身份有着清晰的认识，在安顺，哪怕是目不识丁的乡下农妇，你问到她什么民族，来自何方时，她都会毫不犹豫的回答你：“我们是屯堡人，我们的祖上是朱元璋‘调北征南’的时候来到贵州的。” 屯堡及屯堡文化和其背后的传奇故事，正是我此次来安顺旅行最感兴趣的东西之一。 走过集市，来到安顺汽车客运站（客运南站，安顺有好几个客运站——除了南站，还有西站和北站等等），在这里找个小旅店，安排住下。 安排好住处，放下背包，出去逛街。 本来按照原来的计划，今天准备去云峰屯堡景区，可昨天在火车上吃糖时，把嘴里的一个烤瓷牙牙套粘了下来，这下子吃东西非常不方便。必须得赶快修好，这是个大事情，关乎今后一个月的顺利旅行，所以我改变计划，今天先在安顺市内转转，顺便找地方修牙。 走出旅馆，走进车站对面的小巷，里面是一个很热闹的集市。还有一个小学校，一群孩子正准备上学。 在小巷转了一圈，回到南华路上，继续北行。 毕竟是南国，此时，沈阳已经秋雨降温，人们全副武装。可这里的姑娘们还是一身短打，看着就清爽。。 来到转盘塔山东路和塔山西路的交界处，这里有安顺的名山——西秀山，这是一座在平地间突起的石山，峻峭挺拔却并不太高，大约有三十米左右，山上有一座石塔，洁白如洗，塔身呈锥形六边体，七级，据说始建于1326年，是元代安顺三大建筑之一。 山下有绕山一圈的休闲公园带，很漂亮，上山有木制的栈道，沿栈道登上山顶，顿时视野开阔，小小安顺尽收眼底。 从山上看，山后有一座天主教堂，是一栋四合院建筑，很宽大，整个建筑似乎都是老建筑，但在礼拜堂的后面，竟然有一栋中式的亭阁式的建筑及几栋高大的中式砖木古建筑。 下山继续北转，这里可以看到西秀山全貌。 山脚下是一个小广场，一群人正在跳街舞。 中秋快到了，这里还准备举办月饼展销会。 小广场旁边，西秀山脚下还有一座寺庙，名为“圆通寺”。是两进的庙宇，据说始建于1352年，后来逐渐建成一组宏大的建筑群，曾排名安顺三大寺庙之首。但到“文革”后仅剩一座大雄宝殿，近年已经修复。 圆通寺旁边就是我在山上看到的天主教堂，这是一个四合院建筑，两厢是二层楼，正面是礼拜堂，墙面是用精石料砌筑成正三角形，顶部有十字架。 走进礼拜堂，麻雀虽小，五脏居全，很像那么回事。 看过了圆通寺和天主教堂，继续前行，来到有一个十字路口，这里正在进行路口改造。透过围栏，看到街区对面有一组古建筑，这就是安顺武庙。 安顺武庙是很有名气的建筑，原名慈云寺，据说始建于明洪武十五年（1382年），有600余年历史，原名寿亭侯祠，后改称关帝庙。清康熙五年（公元1666年）改建为武庙。在民国八年（1919年）因将关羽、岳飞合祀，又称关岳庙。但安顺人一直称其“安顺武庙”。 武庙大殿石柱堪称安顺各寺庙之冠，36根石柱全系整料白料石，柱间均用厚木枋穿斗连接，其选料之精，雕凿之实，连接之妙前所未有。整座武庙囿于地理，占地不广(仅3200平方米，为文庙的三分之一)，但其规制齐备，布局精致，殿宇楼阁相得益彰，廊庑厅厢各呈特色，座北朝南之象观亦合武运之道。武庙泮池成八梭形，暗合八卦，此亦有别于其他古建筑，为武庙增色不少。大殿塑像有二，皆关羽像，一为坐像，一为行像。一殿二像且为同一人，此构思布局匪夷所思，为天下唯一。其柱联贴切有味：“兄玄德，弟翼德，德兄德弟；师卧龙，友子龙，龙师龙友。”([]
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江淑玲Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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张淳珠这段旅行发生在2009年9月底。每次听到马丘比丘都会联想到宫崎骏笔下的《天空之城》。因为马丘比丘（Machu Picchu）也像是一座云中的城堡，海拔2430米。和宫崎骏的Laputa一样，她神秘的隐藏了几百年，只在当地人的传说中提到。直到1911年才被美国耶鲁大学的一位历史学家发现，从而把她带到了西方人的眼中。今天，马丘比丘是南美洲最重要的考古发掘中心，也是秘鲁最受欢迎的旅游景点，每天接待来自世界各地的朝圣者。2007年马丘比丘被评为新世界7大奇迹之一。让我带着你们从古印加帝国的首都库斯科（Cuzco）出发，沿着安第斯山脉中的印加古道，走向神秘的“失落的印加城市”马丘比丘。 这次的筹备工作做了很久。秘鲁政府为了保护古迹，限制每天进入印加古道的人数。所以得提前3个月通过网上在一家当地的向导公司预定报名，提前保留进山的许可证。和我同行的是我们登山野营圈的一个朋友，朱哥。其实这次是我把他忽悠来的。我们的飞机先到秘鲁首都利马，到的时候是凌晨4点多。然后入关之后转秘鲁国内的飞机去库斯科（Cuzco）。库斯科是秘鲁西南部的一座海拔3399米的城市，也是古印加帝国的首都。向导公司要求我们必须在进入印加古道之前提前3天入住库斯科，这样可以让身体逐渐适应高海拔的环境。刚下飞机，突然听见音乐声大作。神马情况？只见在库斯科的机场大厅里，一群人穿着当地的民族服装跳起舞来。然后有两个mm来给我们脖子上戴花环。不会是专门为了欢迎我们吧？后来知道是当地旅游局为了欢迎游客搞的。每来一趟班机就跳一场。嘿嘿，虽然不是给我们的专场，但是这热情让我本来困的不行的大脑又兴奋起来。我们入住的旅馆是一个家庭客栈。是我在网上事先订好的。来了之后，发现是个意外的惊喜。原来这个客栈是一个小院别墅改装的。里面的环境非常别致。我们的房间在二楼，从我们的阳台上能看到古城库斯科的全景。 小院的布置非常养眼。有花花草草，别致的小桌。客栈里有自己的厨房，餐厅，提供早餐。平时餐厅就是我们的会所，一边喝着可卡Coca树叶泡的茶，一边和店家聊着天。店主人是个德国老头Hinez，退休之后就搬到了这里来。库斯科基本上没有什么工业，全靠旅游业和农业，高原的空气没有被污染。安顿停当，决定出去觅食。天空中下着毛毛雨，我们走在石头铺的街上。 找到一家小餐馆。看上去很别致。女招待在给朱哥介绍秘鲁的土豆。原来这里是土豆的发源地，有300多个品种。我饿极了。汤一上来就开喝。这是Alpaca肉做的汤。哈哈，待会儿告诉你们这是神马动物！他家的小面包很好吃。秘诀就是用土制的烤炉来烤面包。请看！哒哒... 库斯科的街上有很多富有特色的小店。很有历史留下的韵味。这些巨石垒砌的墙基透露了昔日帝国首都的辉煌。每块巨石之间结合紧密，几乎没有缝隙。库斯科最辉煌的时候是15世纪，在16世纪初1533年西班牙人入侵之前达到巅峰。当时的印加文化有自己的语言，但是没有文字。印加人高超的建筑术就像他们神秘的文化一样在历史的长河中失传了。至今无人知道这些巨石是从哪里采来的，墙基是如何建造的。 市中心的中央广场Plaza de Armas旁边有一个天主教大教堂，是15世纪西班牙人入侵之后建造的。用的石头是把印加人的宗教建筑捣毁之后搬过来的。去向导公司报道交完钱之后，决定找一家好点的餐馆尝尝当地的名菜，烤荷兰猪！对面的这位帅哥的眼神怪怪的。可能是没见过多少中国人吧。这就是著名的烤荷兰猪！吃完之后有点失望，皮有点硬，肉挺少的。 在海拔3399米睡了一晚上之后感觉好多了。第二天在库斯科继续适应高原，参观库斯科附近的海拔3701米的萨克塞华曼（Sacsayhuaman）遗址，一个由古代克立人在1100年用巨石修建的伟大建筑。在印加文明来到库斯科之前，克立人是这里的居民。每个石头之间没有水泥或泥浆来粘结，只靠自然的结合。据猜测这是一座军事城堡，但是已经无从考证。当地导游说如果你不知道怎么发音，就念Sexy Woman。哈哈，这下我记住了！很难想象这些大石头就这样，靠着互相之间的支撑挺过了900年。 晚上去了一家很有特色的当地小餐馆。当地人的主食中主要是土豆，大米。肉类包括牛肉，Alpaca，鱼等。烤荷兰猪只有在节日的时候吃。招待我们的是一个当地的小伙子，英文名字叫Albert，真名我忘了。现在库斯科的居民由麦士蒂索人－殖民时代外来欧洲人和本地人的混血后代，和当地的安第斯山民组成。真正的印加人随着印加文化的消亡也被同化绝迹了。Albert的祖先是麦士蒂索人。秘鲁和很多南美国家一样受殖民时代的影响，她的官方语言是西班牙语。Albert在荷兰来的义工开的学校里学了英语，能跟我们交流。他听说我们是中国人，非常兴奋！Albert邀请我们从马丘比丘回来后到他的店里来庆祝。 进山前的最后一天我们去了当地的一个集市。路上停车休息的时候发现了这种神马！！对，就是咱们网民称之为草泥horse的神兽！这回见到神兽本尊了！其实人家有大名的，左边毛短的叫Llama，驯化后用来当运输工具。（骡子？）中间毛长可爱超萌的叫Alpaca，贡献的是他们身上的毛和肉。他们都是羊驼的一种。无辜的羊驼们，被我们的网民调侃。到了集市自然是一通转悠。两个大老爷们儿逛这里其实很无聊的。MM们应该会很喜欢，因为有很多精美的南美和秘鲁风格的小饰品。哈哈，老爷们儿还是找到了他们喜欢的东西。这种当地的玉米及其美味，粒儿大汁多很嫩。但是卖相不太好看，摊主往上面浇了一砣绿色的稀糊糊的酱。好了打住，你懂的。但是酱的味道很好！朱哥已经迫不及待了！ 我们当天晚上没有回库斯科，就在印加古道入口外扎营。向导公司提供了帐篷并选好了营地。我们的队伍到齐了。一共是15个徒步者，2个向导，20个协作加厨师。一起晚餐时大家开始互相介绍认识。一晚上安然无事。醒来看到早晨的阳光照在安第斯山脉的雪峰上，山尖在雾气里时隐时现，煞是壮观！这就是印加古道入口的牌子。我们的徒步队伍包括2个中国人，5个美国人，2个匈牙利人，2个新加坡人，2个澳大利亚人，1个英国人，1个来自百慕大。在这里就不一一赘述了。我在路上慢慢介绍。在入口处登记，每个人都要对护照号。如果没有预定，对不起，请回吧。过了桥就是印加古道了。一共是4天的徒步穿越，期间要翻过海拔4200米的隘口。此时的我兴奋无比，马丘比丘，我来啦！一众人等登记完毕，向着遥远的群山进发。我们的向导一边走一边给我们讲解印加古道的历史。很敬业！另一个队伍的协作在我们后面。向导让我们给他们让路，这些协作虽然背了这么多东西，但是任然行走如飞！我们的协作早走在前面去了！在一个路边小店休息。可爱的安第斯小孩，吃着我们送他的薯片。路上的第一天很轻松。大家在吃午饭的帐篷里有说有笑。朱哥要试试协作的自制的背包。他其实有点像当地人，我是指黑的程度。第一天很轻松，我们很快到了过夜的地方。协作已经把营地收拾好，我们就在附近玩咯！我发现2009年的我那时候是个胖纸，还带个小红帽子。 同队的澳大利亚女孩Lilly-这里称呼她小莉，要给大家照合影。小莉很会搞怪，结果把大家逗乐，被大家反拍！她曾经是澳大利亚女子手球队的成员。手球在她那里是没人看的运动，找不到赞助。她练手球纯粹是自己的爱好。因为队里没钱，澳大利亚也没有体育总局这样的干爹，所以没能来2008年的北京奥运会。第二天早上起来是个好天。今天的路程很艰苦，要翻越4215米的隘口，就是地图上最高的那点。蓝蓝的天空飘白云啊... 山上的天气说变就变！一下子来了一片云，居然下起了小雨。向导让我们几个走的快的先行，到了隘口之后等着后队。我，同队的新加坡夫妇-Elaine爱玲和Rhys锐思，和美国人David大伟，先到了。之后是大伟的老婆Rachel瑞秋。瑞秋是个护士，大伟是个律师。大伟和瑞秋住在北加州旧金山北边的一个小镇上。喜欢搞怪的小莉。这是她的经典表情。 小莉的男盆友Tim提姆。左边是我们的主向导兼队长Juvenal胡文诺-胡哥。两个最年轻的协作，一个19，一个20，忘了他们名字了。走在前面的穿棕色冲锋衣带黄色头巾的是来自纽约大都市的女孩Alison阿狸。阿狸29岁，也是个律师。 来自加州首府沙加缅度的Gloria-葛姐。葛姐在加州政府工作。和当时加州州长阿诺施瓦辛格在一层楼里办公。来自匈牙利的帅锅甲-Laszlo拉兹。2008年受金融危机影响没了工作，干脆出来满世界玩。背着各种摄影器材的朱哥。惭愧，俺在2009年是拿着一个卡片机闯天下。其实现在还是卡片。红衣帅锅是来自英国的Stafford-史大福，在纽约市工作。旁边的是他的未婚妻Laura劳拉，来自百慕大。劳拉的父母是英国人，60年代移民到了百慕大。隘口上的合影！胡哥左边的是来自新加坡的小两口爱玲和锐思。他们俩都是干律师的。我们这拨人里律师特别多。在隘口上我们人都在云里，周围雾蒙蒙的。胡哥怕变天，催促我们立刻往下走。 大家知道最难的路段已经被我们征服了，心情轻松得下撤去今晚的营地。左起：大伟，葛姐，阿狸，拉兹，瑞秋，匈牙利帅锅乙-忘了名字了。别看大伟的职业是个律师，平时自己训练马拉松和铁人三项。在干律师之前，和朋友一起搞了几年乐队。帅锅乙想不起来是干嘛的了。第三天早上大雾弥漫。我们队旁边是一群初中生。胡哥说学校组织他们来走印加古道，相当于秘鲁的爱国主义教育。树梢上凝聚的水滴，是那么的晶莹透彻！ 在雾中来到一座古堡。胡哥让我们稍作休息。葛姐是个了不起的女性。50多岁了，有两个孩子，最大的已经19岁。她自己出来走，是我们队里唯一的独行侠。来秘鲁之前已经在墨西哥玩了俩礼拜。葛姐是墨西哥后裔，所以会说西班牙语。多年前父母是非法移民来到加州干农活。葛姐从小吃苦，长大之后考上斯坦福大学。毕业后立志于公共服务，在加州州政府工作。葛姐告诉我州长阿诺喜欢在办公楼里抽雪茄，搞得空气很不好。他们就用德文写了一堆“此处禁止抽烟”的传单贴在楼道里。雾中的印加古堡更增添了神秘感。古堡的下面是一个前哨，相当于咱们中国古城建筑里的卫城。我们的向导胡哥是当地人。在库斯卡一带有10多年的向导经验。胡哥一路上给我们讲解印加文化和历史。每个向导必须在秘鲁首都利马的大学里学习一年，通过考试之后才能拿到上岗证。雾气慢慢的散开。云层就在我们头顶上。 如此美景，大家纷纷摆pose，到此一游。小莉还是用她的经典表情。难道这是澳洲女孩们的“剪刀手”？忘了这张是神马情况了。好像是朱哥让我摆拍。山谷中间白色的就是温泉镇。我们将在第四天下午从马丘比丘下到温泉镇，然后坐火车回到库斯科。一路上看到的古堡越来越多，我们知道离神秘的马丘比丘不远了。下山的路上碰到一段很难走的地方。石头台阶又陡峭，又滑。MM们都非常小心。锐思不管他老婆，只管在底下给她照相。爱玲也不抱怨。好像老外女人都挺独立的。终于大家都安全的走下来了。胡哥说我们这个队真是很强。对向导没有太多的依赖性。 又见更多的古堡。看来离皇上的行宫不远了。动次，打次，动次，打次，弯弯的河水从天上来，流向那万紫千红一片海。。。哎，不对，2009年的时候还没有神曲呢！哥又穿越了。。。山谷里的河是乌鲁邦巴河，孕育了曾经辉煌的印加文明。我和胡哥在这安第斯山脉中合影一张。 第三天的晚餐是厨师给我们做的最后一顿饭。他特意给我们做了个蛋糕。上面的字“Feliz Viaje"是西班牙语旅途愉快的意思。中间的目光呆滞的女孩是Florina-小佛mm，来自纽约市，阿狸的同事，也是个律师。出生在乌克兰，很小的时候随父母来到美国。平时喜欢跑马拉松。这几天由于高反，一直走在队伍的最后，但是也坚持下来了。胡哥给我们下了通知，明天早上要起个大早，赶在日出之前到达Sun Gate -太阳门，俯视被初升的阳光慢慢照亮的马丘比丘。和厨师协作告别之后，赶紧洗洗睡了。 第四天早上全队不到5点就起了。天还没亮，只有朦朦的星光。在去Sun Gate太阳门的路上，看到日出前的晨光。胡哥催促大家加快步伐。印加人把太阳门修建在一个山脊上。如果天气晴朗，从那里可以俯视到马丘比丘的全景。我们到达时，太阳正在从我们背后的群山之中升起，轻轻地掀起马丘比丘神秘的面纱。我队伍一众人等开始准备好拍照。哒哒。。。晨光下的马丘比丘！有点日照金山的感觉。可惜我当时只有一个卡片，没法完美得带回那壮观的瞬间。远处安第斯山脉中的一座雪峰在云层中时隐时现。胡哥开始催促我们抓紧时间。从太阳门下到马丘比丘还有2个小时路程。我赶紧摆个pose，让朱哥抓了一张。队长发话了，“Come on！Let's go！” 快点！大家出发了！大家可能会想，这么显眼的建筑怎么会隐藏这么久没被发现呢？我当时也有这个疑问。胡哥告诉我，马丘比丘在1911年之前被茂密的植被覆盖着，而且经常大雾笼罩。除了当地山民，外来的人很难察觉到在这样的崇山峻岭中还有一个古老的城市。我们队今早能看到晨光下的马丘比丘，是很幸运的。很多时候山上有雾或者下雨。上传网上的两张1911年拍的马丘比丘照片，可以看到树木和藤条把这座古城包裹了起来。我越来越觉得马丘比丘和宫崎骏笔下的天空之城有很多相似之处。经过4天的跋涉，我们终于到了！有经验的胡哥给我们挑了一个好地方。说是很多明信片就是在这个地方拍的。This is the postcard spot! 于是大家纷纷合影，摆pose！胡哥摆了个金刚的pose。我摆了个山寨阿诺的pose。 胡哥是个敬业的好向导，而且知识丰富。来张合影吧。真是天公作美。我们是很幸运的一队！看到马丘比丘背后的那个山峰了吗？她叫Wayna Picchu 瓦纳比丘，比马丘比丘高360米。我和朱哥商量好了要爬到那上面去。([]
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何信希拉萨于我是儿时的梦想，这些年走过青藏、甘南、川西，每次临近的时候，都停了下来。没有触及，是因为我觉得自己的渺小实在没有准备好去拉萨的勇气。有时也幻想着，牵一人可终老的手，在布达拉前鉴证下爱的誓言；有时会想起那一年，在雨崩村里，那个单纯的小伙子用不准的汉语，断续的表达，雨崩夏天我们住，冬天我们就去拉萨。拉萨，拉萨。那是一个让我想想就觉得魂牵梦绕的地方。有人去过拉萨，然后就毅然辞职，从此踏上了间隔年的旅程；有人去了拉萨，去了就不再离开；有人去过拉萨，便抛开了尘世，坦然去圆寂自己的梦。拉萨，拉萨。那是一个让我想想就觉得神奇无比的地方。那梦里无数次浮现的拉萨。它是世界上最缺氧的城市，却成为无数来者的心灵氧吧。拉萨，我终于带着一颗忐忑的心，走向你，走向一个美丽的梦。2013-1-25拉萨 2013-1-26拉萨发呆，布达拉宫 2013-1-27大昭寺 2013-1-28羊湖，卡若拉冰川，日喀则，扎什伦布寺，樟木这篇游记，在物理距离上，可能不是精彩的那一篇，但是，我希望你能慢慢的读，和我共同来分享，这个让我常常眼含泪水，一步一菩提的感受的地方。行走，我觉得不是你走了多远，而是你感受到了多少。初到拉萨，住在东措，这家较有名气的青旅。拉萨的夜是寒冷的，没有了太阳，一切都是冰凉的。不过青旅提供了电褥子和暖阳，还算是比较舒服。东措的墙体可以涂鸦，给我印象最深的一句话是“从北京我飞到拉萨，看到布达拉，没什么感觉，头疼高反了，打了一天针，就回去了”。拉萨，这样风景与心灵都会震撼的地方你都不觉得好，我不知道生活还有什么可以感染你。或许你来，只是因为听到几次这个让人觉得神奇的地方，你来了，却忘记带来虔诚和故事以及坚定的信仰。如果提前你没有做好充足的功课，我想拉萨的众多充满历史的寺庙，在你眼中无非是红砖白墙的形状而已，看过一两座审美疲劳也罢。来拉萨，我觉得最该做的，不是去提前喝上一周红景天，而是看上一周拉萨人文历史的书，你会对这里爱得更深沉。这座除了印度圣地外，藏族佛教徒最主要朝圣的城，有着太多太多的故事。或许你走过的某个脚印就会与圣者们的足印相印相合。这里每一条的道路，都写满了虔诚，心怀敬畏，一切都不那么一样。在拉萨城，我常走走停停，我没有着急去看壮美的风景，我想静下来，让自己的心得到放松。没有想去寻求什么答案，那么获得的可能就是灵性最好的回答。随便站在哪里，我仿若都能看到，许多朝圣的人在一步一扣，她们的眼神让我时常眼泪满襟。要知道，朝圣的人们几个月甚至更长的时间都在路上，他们没有什么先进的装备保障。我见过一个五六十岁的阿妈，脚下是破旧的军胶鞋，一路来的泥泞早已掩盖了鞋子的真实颜色，肩部背着和她后背一样高的玻璃丝袋子，开口处就用麻绳扎起来，背在身上，而腰间挂着一个烧的发黑的水壶……看到这些，我甚至忘了举起相机，我呆望着默默的目送这这位老者，在心底为她祝福。一般朝圣者上路，口袋里会背着糌粑和牛肉干，烧点热水，就着风霜雨雪，便是一餐。据说，许多人死于朝圣的途中，经过的人，会取出死者的牙齿带上路，最好到达时，将牙齿塞进大昭寺某根柱上，代表替死者完成心愿。如果，我可以什么都放下，什么都不要，修得为来生，修在未来，我不在乎今生的疾苦，所经历的风尘与艰辛，我坚信来世的轮回，我的心会生出一朵美丽的睡莲，它让我日日安稳，伴我安眠。第二天去了布达拉宫，冬季是淡季，票价100元。如果你住在平措，有一部分房间是开窗即可看到布达拉宫的。这座占地总面积36万余平方米，东西长360米，南北宽270米，主楼13层，高117米，是世界上海拔最高，集宫殿、城堡和寺院于一体的宏伟建筑真的是和我想象里一模一样。太多的图片上看到过它的外观，除了气势宏伟外，从建筑的角度来说，真的没什么可以惊呆的。但是如果你了解布达拉扩建的历史，或者站在它的脚下，不仅仅对它是仰望了。在布达拉宫参观需要遵循所有藏传佛教的禁忌，例如不能戴帽，不能拍照（指进入宫殿以后，宫殿外可以拍一些“外景”），不能踩踏门槛等等，大殿内部比较阴冷，即使在阳光充足的中午。绕行布达拉宫为顶转经路。布达拉是拉萨最具特色的代表，这么说一定不为过。无数次的在宣传片，画册中见到。她的美，大气而端庄。今日来到它的脚下，顿觉自己的渺小，如蝼蚁。据说几百年前，这是一个完全没有图纸而建造出来的宫殿，从建筑的意义上来讲，说它是瑰宝也当之无愧。布达拉宫的美，在天然，在历史，在人文，在建筑学，在依然流动的朝圣者就像它的血脉，绵延而生。布达拉宫内是不允许拍照的，或许只有这样，才为布达拉宫殿批上一层神秘的面纱。我没有雇导游，在里面晃荡了一个钟头不到就出来了。或许只有厚重的历史，才可以让人在这里驻足。不得不提一下，布达拉宫的洗手间是很具特色的，建议感受下。从布达拉宫出来，顿时觉得外面温暖无比，暖洋洋的太阳就这样照到身上。冬天进入布达拉宫还是比较阴冷的，建议多穿些衣服。参观完了布达拉宫，就开始绕着布达拉宫转经。仓央嘉措的诗，总是让这些感性女青年心生期待，即便是很多人还没有这种信仰，她们依然会转动经筒，为自己修得福分。此刻，我站在你的脚下。凝重的，我不敢呼吸，我知，每夜遇到的是你，梦一次，是不是就算走过一遭，能不能，就此，阔别已久的心事，行不行，就此，就这样沉淀下去。当，我遇到你，我想这将是个开始。【摄影贴士】早晨七点可到对面的药王山观景台进行拍照，观景台有开放时间，请自行关注，也可到龙王潭拍倒影。 次日去了八角街后，去看被誉为西藏之眼的大昭寺。在拉萨，想早起是很困难的事情，按照生物钟，七点多就醒来的我，还是翻了个身，随即睡死过去，天太黑了，没有阳光的拉萨早晨，是很冷的。日头起来，室内渐暖，已是九点多了。简单洗漱，去隔壁的好利来喝过早点，就去八角街上。那是一个我很想去淘货的地方，无奈市场经济的大潮把这里也搅和的和街边小摊很相近。朋友遇到了有缘的藏族兄弟，说是改天去家里看比较老的藏刀。我与这里的佛珠终无缘不欢。逛了很久，没有遇到一串合适的。去时正逢当地道路改造，很多地段是扬尘严重的。冬季的皮肤是干干的，但在这里我的眼眶却是经常湿润。我看到那些不畏尘土的人，他们一路跪拜过来。脑门上是血肉与灰模糊在一起的颜色。只有意念和理想是没有什么可以阻挡的吧。喜欢看那些朝圣者的表情，哪怕是暮年，也是纯粹的，简单的。莲花由心而生。我匍匐前行的路上，有风，有雨，有尘埃，但，这些是我无关的一切，我只知，我的朝向，是你，一个期许与未来。走到大昭寺的时候，我才真的惊呆了。这里磕长头的人，远远要多于在布达拉宫看到的。虽然到过藏区很多次，但是这么规模宏大的场面，还是第一次见，多多少少的，不再淡定。合掌十字，扣拇指于掌中，双掌举过头顶，再观于眉心，置于喉，停于胸前轻触，拜下时，双膝着地，双掌分开贴于地面，以额触地，活上身前伸，双臂前伸，全身贴地，后而双臂支撑起身重新站立。十指合掌表示悲智并具，合掌经过头顶、眉心、喉部表示积聚善因以成就佛陀之神，拜下贴地表皈敬，着地即起表由轮回解脱。这是在拉萨一位有缘人讲给我的。 在西藏，有这样一首民歌：黑色的大地是我用身体量过来的，白色的云彩是我用手指数过来的，陡峭的山崖我像爬梯子一样攀上，平坦的草原我像读经书一样掀过……这首民歌描述的是藏民信徒从千里之外磕长头朝圣的经历。而朝圣的目的地之一，就是这西藏之眼---大昭寺。 买了门票进入参观，它是有两个入口，早晨正门开放，直达天井小广场。下午则要从南侧门进入。记得走寺庙的时候要顺时针走。在大昭寺供养零钱的时候，最好提前换好角币。当然如果你内心强大，你决对可以放100块，然后自己再找回99块。我看到不少藏族朋友是这样换角币的。拉萨的寺庙多不设功德箱，所以你可以把零钱放到你供养的佛脚下位置。这里的转经，如果绕大昭寺转经为内转经路，绕行八廊街为中转经路。外转经路为：江苏路—金珠路—林廊北路西段—林廊北路—林廊东路—江苏路大昭寺一层供奉有 千手观音 弥勒 莲师 弥勒 弥勒佛塔 大昭寺二层：从左上一开始为 法王修行洞莲师殿 胜乐殿吉祥天母佛龛 菩提道次第殿 佛子殿 药师佛殿 能仁殿 五王殿 骏马殿 法王殿 六道佛殿 传承殿。此处为在大昭寺二层遥望布达拉。 2012年以后纳木错冬日开放，可以说，冬日去纳木错是对身体的更大挑战。除了往返近八个小时的山路以外，还要经过一个5000+海拔的垭口。但这些依然无法阻挡我对神湖的向往。早晨七点从青旅出发，天还没有亮，继续在车上补觉，不想却更觉寒冷。九点不到的时候，天开始亮了起来。太阳也升了起来。阳光变得刺眼。我开始张望着这满目苍茫。苍茫这个词，总是在写作文的时候用到，也未能真正体会到到底何种景色才称得上苍茫。这沿途的风景让我确是感受到了这词的含义。虽不是草长莺飞，风吹草低见牛羊的季节。但是低矮的草壿让人的视线更加开阔，心也变得宽广起来…一路就这样欣赏着风景，听着我最爱的那首“天籁之爱”奔向你，纳木错，那种心情像是去见一个梦里的爱人，期盼而忐忑。若冬天不如平日的美，不知道会不会失望。一路走着，突然想起梭罗曾说“外面越荒凉，我的情绪就越高昂，这一点从无例外，因此赐予我海洋，沙漠或是荒野吧”。拉萨到纳木错一路的路况是很好的，没什么危险系数。终于要到了，到了，远远的望见，一片白色的冰清玉洁。山湖相连，仿若那冰封的湖水，是念青唐古拉山的眼泪，它流到心里，冻成冰。那关于你，古老的传说，我依然记得。纳木错哇，你是念青唐古拉山美丽的妻子，山与水的交融，世世代代的恩爱。这里的冬天汇集演绎着天地间最壮美和最具魄力的风景。虽不见纷纷扬扬的飞雪，但放眼望去，那白雪茫茫，银装素裹的纳木错是那么宁静而端庄。远处的念青唐古拉山银峰玉柱，在那无垠的蓝天映照下把人们带入一个洁白而高雅的白色天堂。那一刻我眼中的你，没有丝毫的羞怯与粉饰，我只是想静静的凝望着你，无法倾听，无一花一草的贪念，此刻，我的眼里都是你，纳木错，我爱你最原始的样子。一月，在固化的白色与蓝调中我更清晰的认识到你的美不若湖，不似海真正震慑我心的，是你的庄严与凝重玛尼堆在这里，替我守望守候的是幸福么还是一个未止的梦 【摄影贴士】到纳木错进行拍摄一般以春夏秋三季为宜，尤以5-9月为最佳。冬季在扎西半岛上很少有人留守，天气太冷了，我这个原产东北的菇凉都觉得要冻哭了。而且那根拉山口有时会因大雪封山。不过，纳木错的光影变化经常始料不及，任何季节任何时候都可能出现意想不到的光影效果。1、一早一晚是拍摄纳木错湖景的大好时机，强烈建议摄影发烧友在纳木错住宿一晚。2、扎西半岛的岩洞里有不少修行的僧人和尼姑，喜欢人文摄影的不妨与他们交流沟通一下。3、扎西半岛的小山包上新修了观景台，体力好的话可以沿台阶爬上去拍摄远景。 4、纳木错湖边修了转经筒，是很好的人像拍摄地。 羊湖-卡若拉冰川-聂拉木-日喀则-樟木这条路线租车时候，是和师傅讲好的两天行程，但是出发一早师傅说，可能大雪会封路，建议要一天到达。我们就选择一天来走。在高原上，不要去相信什么天气预报。一位经验丰富的老司机会给你更好的建议。往往他们车之间都是相互认识的，谁早出发，到了哪里什么路况都会有所沟通。出发的时候还不到六点。我们是打算在羊湖看日出的。羊卓雍措，简称羊湖，距拉萨不到100公里，与纳木措、玛旁雍措并称西藏三大圣湖，是喜马拉雅山北麓最大的内陆湖泊，湖光山色之美，冠绝藏南。位于西藏山南地区浪卡子县，拉萨市西南70多公里，喜马拉雅绵延的山体间，羊湖像一条美丽的玉带贯穿其中，熠熠生辉。日出的羊湖，不见蓝色，但是你会看到漂亮的光影，这也是一种享受。当然，冬天早晨的羊湖，一定要多穿多穿再多穿。西藏的景致，是大气浑厚的美，远远的，看那么一眼，驻足那么一次，也就今生难忘。从羊卓雍错出来后，跨越4330米的斯米拉山口后就来到了卡若拉冰川的冰舌下。冰舌前沿海拔5560米，观看卡若拉冰川的地方海拔约有5400米。在整个西藏离公路最近的就是卡若拉冰川，离公路只有三百多米。这可是位纯正的冰山美人，冰雪沿冰层张裂消融，形成壮丽多姿的冰塔林，那是上天雕琢的图腾，你无须懂得，瞻仰和凝视就是最好的对待。冰川的背后是山势险峻。卡若拉冰川因“红河谷”、“云水谣”等电影的拍摄而闻名于世。接下来，我们就开始一路奔向日喀则，想着能去趟扎什伦布，这座寺意为“吉祥须弥寺”的寺庙。这里供奉世界上最高最大的铜塑佛像，为强巴佛。我心向往着，在这尊强巴佛前许下对于美好未来的希望。期待着能够实现。强巴佛的大殿是定时开放的。([]
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叶秋绮夏天（6月28日至8月26日），和朋友一起游历了巴基斯坦北部地区，并完成了喀喇昆仑山区K2大本营，以及snowlake两条经典徒步线路。旅程之奇幻，遭遇之惊险，徒步之艰辛，在我本人的旅程经历中前所未有，特此为记。 预先说明的是，这是个纯粹的户外帖，帖子里没有艳遇激情之类的八卦，也不会有0元穷游的嘘头。这里要讲述的，只是两个傻乎乎的老男人，不远千里结伴去喀喇昆仑，看雪山走冰川的艰苦故事。如果你和我们一样，喜欢徒步，喜欢看雪山美景，那么请相信，这个帖子的6.5万字、1500张照片和23段视频，一定不会让你失望。 （在巴基斯坦北部山区的行程示意图：其中红线是坐车走过的公路；蓝线是徒步线路上需要坐车的路段；黄线是K2大本营徒步线路；粉线是snowlake徒步线路。） 先大致列出行程表：6月28日－7月3日：北京出发，经银川、乌鲁木齐，抵达喀什与队友会合，7月3日到达塔什库尔干县；7月4日－7月15日：此次行程的第一部分，游历巴基斯坦北部山区：7月4日从塔什库尔干县经红其拉甫口岸出境，抵达巴基斯坦境内的边境口岸小镇sost，再往南经过堰塞湖，游览美丽的hunza，而后抵达北部地区首府Gilgit市；7月7日至10日，从Gilgit出发，往西抵达shandur pass山都垭口，观看著名的山都马球赛，期间很不幸遭遇球场骚乱，仓惶逃窜；7月11日至15日，到达徒步的起点城镇skardu，与徒步向导sharif会面，办理徒步许可证，游览skardu周边，并参观了当地什叶派穆斯林的阿舒拉节游行活动。 7月16日－27日：此次行程的第二部分，用时12天，完成徒步K2BC线路，抵达K2大本营并遇到了杨春风、饶剑峰、张京川在准备攀登K2，张梁、王静在攀登布洛阿特峰；而后艰难翻越了Gondogorola垭口，经hushey回到skardu。 7月28日－8月2日：休整，并往返gilgit办理证延期，未办理成功，返回skardu；8月3日－11日：此次行程的第三部分，用时9天，完成徒步snowlake线路，其间穿越了两条长度均在60公里左右的大冰川，抵达hunza。 8月12日－23日：此次行程的第四部分，从hunza出发，一路往南抵达巴基斯坦首都伊斯兰堡，办理证延期，并游览伊斯兰堡和古城拉合尔。8月24日－26日：伊斯兰堡经乌鲁木齐，飞回北京。 本帖各部分导读：第一部分：游历巴基斯坦北部：陌生的朋友：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1430744-2-1.html第二部分：K2BC徒步：冰河世纪：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1430744-26-1.html第三部分：snowlake徒步：喀喇昆仑密境：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1430744-58-1.html第四部分：伊斯兰堡－拉合尔：迷失的国度：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1430744-90-1.html尾声：夏夜晚风：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1430744-106-1.html 在开始我们的旅程故事之前，先隆重推荐我们这次徒步的向导sharif。sharif是徒步起点城镇skardu当地人，今年36了，有一个儿子和女儿，年纪都很小。sharif家族三代都是登山和徒步向导，家传渊源，他对当地喀喇昆仑山区可谓了如指掌，非常熟悉。sharif为人友善，脾气很好，他组织的徒步服务团队成员，都是来自他家同一个村庄，在团队管理上没有什么问或矛盾，成员很友善乐观而且团结，还能有效控制成本。去年他接待了几拨中国游客，今年又接待了好几拨。由于政治原因，近几年来自西方的游客大幅减少，sharif也希望能迅速吸引更多中国游客，这次徒步过程中，他很认真地向我们学习中文，还有计划去伊斯兰堡学习中文，为将来更好地服务中国游客做准备。（sharif和他的儿子卡玛尔） 另外，还要介绍一下sharif的叔叔ali，我们都管他叫阿里叔叔。阿里叔叔是个很有意思的人，整天乐呵呵的很喜欢开玩笑，很好相处，在当地也是很有名的登山和徒步向导，LP上都有对他的推荐。阿里叔叔体力很好，带队经验丰富，经常和sharif一起带队。如果由他带队徒步，也是很愉快的事情。（阿里叔叔和卡玛尔） 此次行程相关注意事项：（注意事项比较多，如果不打算去徒步，可以跳过不看）1、证：按照巴基斯坦使馆网站的说法，为中国公民提供免费证，但是你需要提交一大堆材料，比较麻烦，而且证官还有可能挑刺，说白了，和证代理串通起来赚钱。如果你有耐心和时间，可以尝试和证官直接打交道（据说北京大使馆办理比较正规）。想省事，可以找证代理（淘宝上就可找到），只要提交护照和照片即可，其它任何材料都不用准备，价格大概在1000－1200左右，可以办理一个月的商务证或旅行证。需要说明的是，如果你觉得一个月旅行时间足够，那就办理一个月即可；如果不够，则和证代理沟通，争取办理两个月或3个月的。去年据说在巴基斯坦北部城市gilgit或skardu，都可以办理证延期，但是今年的政策发生了变化，skardu不能再办理证延期，gilgit也只办理旅行证的延期，最多给你延15天，而且审批很严格；商务证延期则必须到伊斯兰堡办理，要和各种官僚机构打交道，很麻烦。2、徒步季节：尼泊尔境内的喜马拉雅山区，最佳徒步时间是10月份、11月份和4月份，但是喀喇昆仑山区则完全不一样。这里的登山季节是7月份，徒步的最佳季节就是7－9月份，其它月份天气较差，要翻越垭口很困难。即便如此，在7－9月份徒步，遇到恶劣天气的可能性仍比较大。我们徒步这两条线路，都遇到了雨雪天气。据当地的向导说，今年7月份有5支队伍徒步snowlake线路，因天气原因，只有一支队伍成功翻越垭口完成了全程徒步，其它四支队伍都不得不半途而返。3、往返行程：从国内去喀喇昆仑山区徒步，可以选择飞到伊斯兰堡，再坐大巴过去，但是往返机票比较贵。如果走陆路，可以先到喀什，然后经塔什库尔干县，从红其拉甫口岸出境。喀什和塔县都有去巴基斯坦的国际大巴，到巴基斯坦境内的sost口岸。这样费用能节省很多，还可以顺便游览慕士塔格峰及巴基斯坦北部山区风光，就是时间比较长一点，我们就是这么走的。需要注意的是，塔县的海关联检，可能会查你的红皮书和黄皮书，就是《国际旅行健康检查证明书》和《疫苗接种或预防措施国际证书》，需要在你所在地区的出入境检验检疫部门办理。这两本证明，如果没有，据说和检查人员说好话，也能过去。但是以防万一，我们出发前，还是办理了黄皮书（《疫苗接种或预防措施国际证书》），花了两百元。红皮书办理费用要五百元，我们想省钱，没有办理。在过海关时，检查人员问了几句，查看了一下黄皮书，也就放我们过去了。回程也可以原路返回，但是新疆在暑期也是旅游旺季，最好提前预订从喀什返回的机票或车票，能省不少钱。同时尽量避开6月底和8月底的时段，这是大学放假和开学的高峰期，也是游客进出新疆的高峰期，车票和机票都比较紧张。从伊斯兰堡飞回乌鲁木齐，只有南航的航班，如果是在网上预订的电子机票，记得要提前去南航在伊斯兰堡的办事处打印一张机票确认单，凭这张单据才能进机场办理登机手续。 4、保险：出发前我通过磨坊网站，花几百元购买了美亚保险的“乐悠游”海外旅行保障计划，共包含12项保险项目。记得把电子保单出发前交给家人，并记下保单号码，一旦有事，可以用得着。5、徒步许可证：徒步K2BC需要办理许可证，可以提前联系向导办理。如果到skardu之后办理，需要3天时间（要传真到伊斯兰堡办理）。我们就是到了skardu之后办理的，3天时间顺便游览了skardu周边。snowlake线路是开放区域，不需要办理徒步许可证。6、交通：巴基斯坦北部地区的交通主要是汽车，由于路况不好，中巴车（minibus）比较多，车内很挤，包括司机旁边，共有5排座位，每排坐4个人，坐进去之后基本就动弹不得，有时车尾和车顶还外挂几个人。从gilgit到skardu，我们坐过好几家公司的minibus，只有一次我们坐NATCO公司的中巴，是每排3个人，算是很好的条件了。从gilgit到伊斯兰堡，有带空调的豪华大巴，票价2100卢比，坐17个小时左右。徒步的开始路段需要坐车，一般安排的则是老式的越野车，在后面帖子里可以看到。7、风俗：巴基斯坦是伊斯兰国家，特别是北部山区，相对还是比较保守。注意尊重当地的风俗习惯，没有经过允许，不要给当地的女性拍照，更不要触碰当地女性。坐车时一般前排是女士专区。和人握手和给人端食物，要用右手。女士去当地旅行，最好穿长袖衣服和长裙长裤，不要露出胳膊和腿部。8、旅行风险：巴基斯坦对中国人相当友好，北部山区更是如此，只要说是中国人，一般都会受到热情相待，女士更加会有优待。喀喇昆仑山区总体而言还是比较安全的，唯一需要注意的是，从gilgit往南去伊斯兰堡的路上，会经过chilas地区，这一地区的部族据说和塔利班有联系，属于比较危险的地区。8月14日晚上我们从gilgit去伊斯兰堡坐大巴经过这一地区时，大巴车都是几辆结伴而行，司机告诫我们不要下车。第二天，也就是8月15日晚，这一地区就发生了恐怖袭击，三个武装分子拦住一辆巴士，枪杀了25个人，引发了skardu市的大规模游行抗议。这次恐怖袭击也直接影响到我们的回程计划。9、通信：在巴基斯坦旅行，可以买一张当地的电话卡，打当地电话和国内电话都比较便宜，一般买中移动在巴基斯坦子公司zong公司的卡比较多，但是充值时会扣掉将近20％的税费。徒步路段上是没有手机信号的，不妨把手机关掉或调到离线模式。我的队友用的iphone，徒步过程中关机，只在拍摄视频时才开机，比较省电。 10、食品：徒步线路上是没有补给的，所有食物从skardu出发时都要准备好，但又不可能带过多的量，所以最好出发前在准备物资时，和向导做好沟通，尽量照顾队员的口味、喜欢的食物类别。我们走k2BC时，由于事先没有沟通好，厨师在路上就做了很多的charpati面饼给我们吃，我的队友，来自山东的海洋同学吃得非常开心，而我这个南方人就简直痛不欲生。后来走snowlake时，厨师就相应对食物做了调整，增加了炒饭、面条、蔬菜水果的数量。另外，还可以从国内多带一点下饭菜、香辣牛肉酱、巧克力、牛肉干、压缩饼干之类，注意不要带含猪肉的食品。11、小费：向导会对徒步线路有一个报价，人越多，每个队员支付的价格就越低，但是这个报价是不包含小费的。这次我和队友两个人走k2BC，小费准是：背夫走完全程，每人小费20美金左右；有的背夫是在翻垭口之前就半途返回，小费就是10美金左右；厨师的小费是50美金；厨师助理是25美金；向导的小费是150美金。这样算下来，总的小费费用相当于徒步价格的12－15%左右。snowlake线路的小费金额与K2BC基本相同。如果队员较多，相应支付给向导和厨师的小费总额也会增加，但平摊下来，每个队员支付的金额还是会有减少。所以去徒步的话，队员人数还是多一点比较划算，以4－8个人为宜，人太多了队伍也不好协调。12、充电：巴基斯坦电力供应不足，首都伊斯兰堡都会有计划停电。北部山区的几个主要站点，skardu有自己的水电站，停电算是比较少的，hunza则没有统一的电网供电，各个旅馆都是自己发电。因此注意，只要有电力供应，抓紧给手机相机电池充电。旅馆一般都会提供插座。徒步路上是没有地方可以充电的，相机备用电池一定要带足。我的宾得k-x单反，用的是5号电池，出发前在淘宝上买了充足的劲量5号锂电池，相当给力，4节电池能用一周时间。13、货币兑换：在北部山区几个大的站点，美金和人民币都可以兑换当地卢比，可以找旅馆老板询问兑换点。这次我们兑换，拿人民币直接兑换卢比，要比带美金兑换更划算。例如，我们在gilgit，一元人民币可以兑换15卢比，而一美金则只能兑换92卢比。在sost口岸兑换时汇率要低一点，到gilgit稍高。8月下旬我们返程时，卢比有贬值，伊斯兰堡当地的外币兑换点，一元人民币可以兑换到15.2卢比，美金则是94.5卢比，还是拿人民币直接兑换更划算。 14、装备：最后列一下这次徒步我的装备物品清单：鞋子：SCARPA barun徒步鞋1双，Teva凉鞋1双；背包：小鹰38背包1个，强氧摄影胸包1个，强氧水壶包1个，驮包一个；内衣：C3上衣2件，C1长袖1件，速干短袖T恤1件，红辣椒排汗长裤1件，内裤若干；保暖：防风抓绒1件，HW玉羌带帽羽绒服一件；外衣：Marmot driclime风衣1件，Pata带帽软壳一件；裤子：TNF速干裤、Columbia 两截式速干裤各1条；睡袋：MHW －15度睡袋1个，睡袋内胆一个；药品：感冒药，腹泻药，健胃药，创可贴，清凉油，云南白药喷剂，抗生素类药（头孢类）；其它：登山杖2支，护膝1对，抓绒帽1顶，防晒圆边帽1顶，头巾1条，手套2副（抓绒手套、劳保手套），太阳镜1副，徒步袜2－3双，雪套1副，头灯1个，手电1个，水壶1个，雨披1个，瑞士卡片军dao1个，手机＋充电器，剃须刀，洗嗽用具（速干毛巾、牙膏牙刷、小梳子），卫生纸，湿纸巾两包，防晒霜，润唇膏，小本子，笔，照片，证件，晾衣夹。相机：宾得K-X单反＋腾龙18－200镜头；5号锂电池若干；充电器＋充电电池；存储卡；相机清理工具。在这次带的装备中，最满意的是徒步鞋和睡袋。scarpa barun徒步鞋是我这次出门前新买的，相当给力，因时间紧张，没有经过磨合就直接上路了，经历了各种艰苦地形，全程给我相当好的保护。MHW睡袋是很早的款式了，又大又重，徒步过程中有几晚直接睡在冰川上，很冷，幸好带了这条大睡袋。徒步结束后我把睡袋送给了向导，他非常高兴。另外，驮包也很有用，经历了马驮人背，磨破了几个洞，很好地保护了我的背包和物品。还有晾衣夹，徒步途中，在帐篷上晾晒衣物和睡袋，很有用。另外记得带一副便宜的劳保手套，走K2BC翻垭口时需要拉着绳子上下，用得着。至于失误的地方，主要是防潮垫，由向导提供，比较简陋，睡在冰川上的时候很冷，所以最好从国内带一个充气垫过去，或者在skardu再自己多买一个搓板垫。另外，药品不妨多带一点，除了队员，背夫们可能也需要一些药品。这次我走K2BC比较衰，12天全程生病，国内带过去的药全吃完了。走snowlake时买了巴基斯坦产的药，结果基本又没有吃。 第一部分：游历巴基斯坦北部：陌生的朋友自从看了去年的几篇K2徒步帖之后，就一直惦记，但总是下不了决心。今年4月份，我在EBC认识的青岛哥们海洋沙漠发了一条微博，准备6月底组织去巴基斯坦K2徒步，当时我心里就痒痒了，可还是不能确定。直到6月中旬，我才向海洋确定参加队伍，然后赶紧办理证，准备各种手续，找风总和被窝购买装备，订火车票飞机票。那十几天忙得不可开交，我发现出门长线旅行，准备越久考虑越多，反而可能越有变故，倒是像这样临时决定，下个狠心，也就出去了。一通忙乱之后，6月28日清晨，我去北京站赶火车去银川。正值学生放暑假，北京到乌鲁木齐的火车票根本买不到，飞机票也是很贵，强总替我一番核算，先坐火车到银川，再转乘春秋航空的班机到乌鲁木齐比较划算。那天出门就不顺利，北京下了雨，这就意味着大堵车。我9点出门，赶11点的火车，居然差点没赶上。好在有惊无险，第二天29日清晨顺利到达银川，然后换乘中午的飞机，下午到达乌鲁木齐，在中山路找了个宾馆住下，离火车站比较近。准备第二天，也就是6月30日，坐上午的火车去喀什和队友会合。其实我真心希望旅途平安顺利，当然有点小刺激也是无妨。可是我没有想到这趟旅程居然是这样出乎意料的开端。6月30日凌晨5点，我在旅馆床上睡得正香，迷迷糊糊就觉得床在晃荡。当时我第一反应就是：屋子里进贼啦？没事干吗晃我的床？然后突然一个激灵，感觉不对，好像是～～地震了！我腾地坐了起来，床还是在摇晃，可是外面走廊上没有任何动静，难道是我睡糊涂了？我于是又躺下了，刚躺下，床猛的来了个剧烈的晃动，连桌子也在晃。这可不是错觉，我立马跳起来，手忙脚乱边穿衣服，边开了门就往外跑。这时各个房间的客人都纷纷跑了出来，从8楼一口气跑到大街上。大家站在街边，大眼瞪小眼，谁都不知道是哪里地震了，还会不会有余震。有人拿出手机打电话刷新闻，都没有什么消息。这样干等到6点多，我估摸着，应该没啥大事，就上楼回到房间打开电视，新闻报道说，是和静县巩乃斯发生了6.6级地震，离乌鲁木齐有好几百公里，这里震感都那么强烈。反正已经睡不着了，干脆吃完早饭，收拾行李，去火车站等火车。进了候车室之后，大喇叭开始广播啦，说由于地震的影响，铁道部门要检查道路受损情况，因此开往南疆的列车全都要推迟发车，具体何时发车时间不确定，大家在候车室等着，不要走远。候车室人越来越多，又闷又热，一直等到下午两点，终于发车了，晚点了4个小时。然后一路不停的错车让车，第二天到达喀什，已经晚点了8个小时。 我的队友海洋和小赵，在帕米尔青年旅舍，热烈欢迎我的到来。原本计划5个人的队伍，一个家里有事，还有一个没办好证，这样就非战斗性减员成了3个人。他俩6月30日坐飞机来的喀什，恰恰就在前一天发生了和田劫机事件，顿时让我觉得大家真是难兄难弟。 我们在喀什休息了两天，看完了欧洲杯决赛，购买了一些物资和药品。7月3日上午，离开喀什，乘坐中巴车，赶往塔什库尔干县。 这是我第二次去塔什库尔干县了，一路帕米尔高原风光，可惜中巴车不能中途停下来拍照。 一路最著名的景点，当然就是冰山之父、海拔7546米的慕士塔格峰。 下午抵达塔县之后，我们找旅馆住下，打听好了第二天去巴基斯坦的国际大巴。下午哥三个闲得没事，就去县城边的石头城逛逛。 塔什库尔干，曾有葱岭、蒲犁、羯盘陀的美称，维吾尔语意为“石头城堡”，就是缘自这个古代的石头城。石头城海拔3100米，地势极为险峻，是新疆境内古丝道上一个著名的古城遗址。汉代时，这里是西域三十六国之一的蒲犁国的王城。唐朝政府统一西域后，在这设有葱岭守捉所。元朝初期，大兴土木扩建城廓，旧的石头城换了新颜。清光绪二十八年（1902年），清廷在此建立蒲犁厅，对旧城堡进行了维修和增补。城虽小，形势却十分险要。城外建有多层或断或续的城垣，隔墙之间石丘重叠，乱石成堆，构成独特的石头城风光。城下即一片湿地，古代自喀什、英吉沙、叶城、莎车至帕米尔高原的几条山路均汇集于此。尽管风吹日晒，它的轮廓仍然较为完整。 石头城边的湿地，开发建设成了郊野公园，建了木质栈道，成为当地人休闲的好去处。 往北望去，远远可以望见慕士塔格群峰，白雪皑皑。 河水缓缓流过，这一片群山环抱下的牧场，水草丰美。 牛羊在草地上静静享受美餐。 开阔的河谷。 夕阳西下，照亮了这片美丽的湿地草原。 夕阳下的石头城。 如画的草原黄昏。 金色阳光下，闪闪发亮的草原。 蓝天下云彩朵朵。 悠闲自得的马匹。
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